Intraperitoneal injection of post-smolt Atlantic salmon in saltwater
1 Formål
The overall goal of the project is to understand the impact of individual feed components (non-saccharomyces yeast and seaweed extract) on fish health and resilience of salmon after seawater (SW) transfer. To evaluate the effect of functional feed ingredients on trained immunity, which is expected to mount faster and greater immune response against secondary challenge, we need to intraperitoneally inject fish by inactivated pathogens (either Moritella viscosa/ or Tenacibaculum spp.) to induce secondary immune response after the challenge. The fish will be sedated and the handling/injection takes very short time, less than 30 sec. Fish intraperitoneal injection in SW will be performed by trained personnel using good work practices.
2 Skadevirkninger
The fish will be sedated for a short while before the intraperitoneal injection. Expected impact on the fish is light stress response due to temporary increased cortisol levels. The fish is expected to adapt readily to the experimental situation and start to eat again the same day. Fish intraperitoneal injection will be performed by trained personnel using good work practices.
3 Forventet nytteverdi
The results will be used to understand whether the fish can gain immune memory function and will provide the foundation for successful nutritional programming with functional components to create resilient fish. Salmon farming in Norway has grown dramatically over the last decades but despite this significant progress, farmed salmon experience around 20% mortality during the grow-out period in SW. Trained immunity describes the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, which is induced by a second challenge after the return to a non-activated state. With the results from this study we will understand how these specific functional components modulate immune system in salmon and we will understand which nutritional programming provides best immunomodulation and best vaccine efficiacy towards more resilient salmon.
4 Antall dyr og art
A total of 450 Atlantic salmon of around 100 g at SW transfer, will be distributed into 18 tanks and fed in three different regimes (R1, R2, R3) with two functional feeds in duplicate tanks. All experimental groups will stay for 7 weeks in FW and 6 weeks in SW. Each tank will have 25 fish at the start of the SW experiment. Fish in SW will be fed for approx. 4 weeks before intraperitoneal injection and thereafter fish will be sampled 2 and 10 days post intraperitoneal injection. The number of fish per sampling point will be 6 per tank.
5 Hvordan etterleve 3R
Given the high complexity of the immune network on the organismal level, using alive animal models is the best approach to this problem. In order to meet 3R’s requirements we already did evaluation of the mentioned functional ingredients in primary cell culture models, with head kidney (HKD) cells of Atlantic salmon which were challenged with inactivated pathogen of Moritella viscosa. The results from the cell work gave an indication about immunomodulating properties of these functional components, however cell culture studies have only limited success in predicting the response on the whole animal level.
The overall goal of the project is to understand the impact of individual feed components (non-saccharomyces yeast and seaweed extract) on fish health and resilience of salmon after seawater (SW) transfer. To evaluate the effect of functional feed ingredients on trained immunity, which is expected to mount faster and greater immune response against secondary challenge, we need to intraperitoneally inject fish by inactivated pathogens (either Moritella viscosa/ or Tenacibaculum spp.) to induce secondary immune response after the challenge. The fish will be sedated and the handling/injection takes very short time, less than 30 sec. Fish intraperitoneal injection in SW will be performed by trained personnel using good work practices.
2 Skadevirkninger
The fish will be sedated for a short while before the intraperitoneal injection. Expected impact on the fish is light stress response due to temporary increased cortisol levels. The fish is expected to adapt readily to the experimental situation and start to eat again the same day. Fish intraperitoneal injection will be performed by trained personnel using good work practices.
3 Forventet nytteverdi
The results will be used to understand whether the fish can gain immune memory function and will provide the foundation for successful nutritional programming with functional components to create resilient fish. Salmon farming in Norway has grown dramatically over the last decades but despite this significant progress, farmed salmon experience around 20% mortality during the grow-out period in SW. Trained immunity describes the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, which is induced by a second challenge after the return to a non-activated state. With the results from this study we will understand how these specific functional components modulate immune system in salmon and we will understand which nutritional programming provides best immunomodulation and best vaccine efficiacy towards more resilient salmon.
4 Antall dyr og art
A total of 450 Atlantic salmon of around 100 g at SW transfer, will be distributed into 18 tanks and fed in three different regimes (R1, R2, R3) with two functional feeds in duplicate tanks. All experimental groups will stay for 7 weeks in FW and 6 weeks in SW. Each tank will have 25 fish at the start of the SW experiment. Fish in SW will be fed for approx. 4 weeks before intraperitoneal injection and thereafter fish will be sampled 2 and 10 days post intraperitoneal injection. The number of fish per sampling point will be 6 per tank.
5 Hvordan etterleve 3R
Given the high complexity of the immune network on the organismal level, using alive animal models is the best approach to this problem. In order to meet 3R’s requirements we already did evaluation of the mentioned functional ingredients in primary cell culture models, with head kidney (HKD) cells of Atlantic salmon which were challenged with inactivated pathogen of Moritella viscosa. The results from the cell work gave an indication about immunomodulating properties of these functional components, however cell culture studies have only limited success in predicting the response on the whole animal level.